let something = "Some string literal value"

let quotation = """
The White Rabbit put on his spectacles.  "Where shall I begin,
please your Majesty?" he asked.
​
"Begin at the beginning," the King said gravely, "and go on
till you come to the end; then stop."
"""

let singleLineString = "These are the same."
let multilineString = """These are the same."""

let softWrappedQuotation = """
The White Rabbit put on his spectacles.  "Where shall I begin, \
please your Majesty?" he asked.
​
"Begin at the beginning," the King said gravely, "and go on \
till you come to the end; then stop."
"""

let lineBreaks = """
​
This string starts with a line break.
It also ends with a line break.
​
"""

var emtpryString = ""
var anotherEmptyString = String()

if emptyString.isEmpty {
    print("Nothing to see here")
}
// Prints "Nothing to see here"

var variableString = "Horse"
variableString += " and carriage"
// variableString = Horse and carriage
​
let constantString = "Highlander"
constantString += " and another Highlander"
// 문자열 상수(let)로 선언돼 있어 에러발생!

for character in "Dog!🐶" {
    print(character)
}
// D
// o
// g
// !
// 🐶

let exclamationMark: Character = "!"

let catCharacters: [Character] = ["C", "a", "t", "!", "🐱"]
let catString = String(catCharacters)
print(catString)
// Prints "Cat!🐱"

let string1 = "hello"
let string2 = " there"
var welcome = string1 + string2
// welcome : "hello there"

var instruction = "look over"
instruction += string2
// instruction : "look over there"

let exclamationMark: Character = "!"
welcome.append(exclamationMark)
// welcome : "hello there!"

let mutiplier = 3
let message = "\(multiplier) times 2.5 is \(Double(multiplier) * 2.5)"
// message : "3 times 2.5 is 7.5"

  let eAcute: Character = "\u{E9}"  // é
  let combinedEAcute: Character = "\u{65}\u{301}"  // e +  ́
  // eAcute : é, combinedEAcute : é

  let precomposed: Character = "\u{D55C}"                        // 한
  let decomposed: Character = "\u{1112}\u{u1161}\u{11AB}"    // ㅎ, ㅏ,ㄴ
  // precomposed : 한, decomposed 한

  let enclosedEAcute: Character = "\u{E9}\u{20DD}"
  // enclosedEAcute : é⃝

  let regionalIndicatorForUS: Character = "\u{1F1FA}\u{1F1F8}"
  // regionalIndicatorForUS : 🇺🇸

  let unusualMenagerie = "Koala 🐨, Snail 🐌, Penguin 🐧, Dromedary 🐪"
  print("unusualMenagerie has \(unusualMenagerie.count) characters")
  // "unusualMenagerie의 문자는 40개"

let greeting = "Guten Tag!"
greeting[greeting.startIndex]
// G
greeting[greeting.index(before: greeting.endIndex)]
// !
greeting[greeting.index(after: greeting.startIndex)]
// u
let index = greeting.index(greeting.startIndex, offsetBy: 7)
greeting[index]
// a

greeting[greeting.endIndex] // 에러!
greeting.index(after: greeting.endIndex) // 에러!

for index in greeting.indices {
    print("\(greeting[index]) ", terminator: "")
// G u t e n  T a g !

var welcome = "hello"
welcome.insert("!", at: welcome.endIndex)
// welcome : hello!
​
welcome.insert(contentsOf: " there", at: welcome.index(before: welcome.endIndex))
// welcome : hello there!

welcome.remove(at: welcome.index(before: welcome.endIndex))
// welcome : hello there
​
let range = welcome.index(welcome.endIndex, offsetBy: -6)..<welcome.endIndex
welcome.removeSubrange(range)
// welcome : hello

let greeting = "Hello, World!"
let index = greeting.index(of: ",") ?? greeting.endIndex
let beginning = greeting[..<index]
// beginning : Hello
​
// SubString인 beginning을 String으로 변환
let newString = String(beginning)

let quotation = "We're a lot alike, you and I."
let sameQuotation = "We're a lost alike, you and I."
if quotation == sameQuotation {
    print("These two strings are considered equal")
}
// These two strings are considered equal 출력

// "Voulez-vous un café?" using LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
let eAcuteQuestion = "Voulez-vous un caf\u{E9}?"
​
// "Voulez-vous un café?" using LATIN SMALL LETTER E and COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
let combinedEAcuteQuestion = "Voulez-vous un caf\u{65}\u{301}?"
​
if eAcuteQuestion == combinedEAcuteQuestion {
    print("These two strings are considered equal")
}
// These two strings are considered equal 출력

let latinCapitalLetterA: Character = "\u{41}"
​
let cyrillicCapitalLetterA: Character = "\u{0410}"
​
if latinCapitalLetterA != cyrillicCapitalLetterA {
    print("These two characters are not equivalent.")
}
// Prints "These two characters are not equivalent."

let romeoAndJuliet = [
    "Act 1 Scene 1: Verona, A public place",
    "Act 1 Scene 2: Capulet's mansion",
    "Act 1 Scene 3: A room in Capulet's mansion",
    "Act 1 Scene 4: A street outside Capulet's mansion",
    "Act 1 Scene 5: The Great Hall in Capulet's mansion",
    "Act 2 Scene 1: Outside Capulet's mansion",
    "Act 2 Scene 2: Capulet's orchard",
    "Act 2 Scene 3: Outside Friar Lawrence's cell",
    "Act 2 Scene 4: A street in Verona",
    "Act 2 Scene 5: Capulet's mansion",
    "Act 2 Scene 6: Friar Lawrence's cell"
]

var act1SceneCount = 0
for scene in remeoAndJuliet {
    if scene.hasPrefix("Act 1 ") {
        act1SceneCount += 1
    }
}
print("There are \(act1SceneCount) scenes in Act 1")
// There are 5 scenes in Act 1

var mansionCount = 0
var cellCount = 0
for scene in remeoAndJuliet {
    if scene.hasSuffix("Capulet's mansion") {
        mansionCount += 1
    } else if scene.hasSuffix("Friar Lawrence's cell") {
        cellCount += 1
    }
}
print("\(mansionCount) mansion scenes; \(cellCount) cell scenes")
// 6 mansion scenes; 2 cell scenes

let dogString = "Dog!!🐶"

for codeUnit in dogString.utf8 {
    print("\(codeUnit) ", terminator: "")
}
print("")
// 68 111 103 226 128 188 240 159 144 182

for codeUnit in dogString.utf16 {
    print("\(codeUnit) ", terminator: "")
}
print("")
// 68 111 103 8252 55357 56374

for scalar in dogString.unicodeScalars {
    print("\(scalar.value) ", terminator: "")
}
print("")
// 68 111 103 8252 128054

for scalar in dogString.unicodeScalars {
    print("\(scalar) ")
}
// D
// o
// g
// !!
// 🐶